Liquid-fuel heating apparatus



c. H. CHALMERS LIQUID FUEL HEATING APPARATUS July 19 1927.

Filed Aug. 4, 1922 I5 Sheets-Sheet 1 R o T M v m CH/YALES h. Cmums-nazrG QMQ F-JJM I Jul 19 192 y 7 c. H. CHALMERS LIQUID FUEL HEATINGAPPARATUS Filed Auz. 4, 1922 5 Sheets$heet 2 Wm M 3 o L .w t mm m w\ M,W z

c. H. CHALMERS LIQUID FUEL HEATING APPARATUS July 19 1927.

Filed Aug. 4, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 5 v i N .W J i n;

an? A Q f .1. MO n A 4 a W Patented 19, 1927. I

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

OHARLES H. CEALMEBS, OF MINNEAPOLIS, IINNESOTA.

LIQUID-FUEL HEATING APPARATUS.

Application fled August 4, 1922. Serial I0 579.871.

This invention relates to such liquid fuel heating apparatus generallybut is more particularly adapted for use in. connection with furnacessuch as are commonly empioyed in connection with steam or water ilers orair drums for heating homes and other buildings. The construction ofthis apparatus and the arrangement of its parts are such that it mayreadily be employed in conjunction with the usual coal-burning furnace,the necessary changes to convert such a furnace into a liquid fuelburning furnace being practically minimized. Likewise, anydesiredre-conversion to coal fuel is easily and readily accomplished. Broadly,it may be noted that the liquid fuel burneris substantially aunitarystructure which may be introduced within the fire-box of any ofthe common type of coalburning furnaces. The liquid fuel is fed 'to theburner by a pump while air under pressure is supplied to the burner toatomize the fuel. Means are provided automatically to control theapparatus both in response to failure of ignition at the proper time andin response to thermal changes in the building to be heated.

The object therefore of the invention is to provide an improved liquidfuel heating ap aratus.

ther objects of the invention will more fully appear from the followingdescription and the accompanying drawings and will be inted out inannexed claims,

Ih the accompanying drawings there has been disclosed a structuredesigned to carry out the objects of the invention, but it is to beunderstood that the invention is not confined to the exact featuresshown, as various changes may be made within the scope of the claimswhich follow:

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan viewof the apparatus and indicating its operativerelation to a furnace shown in horizontal section adjacent the fire-boxand ash-pit;

Figure 2 is a view in side elevation of the blower and the burner inoperative position, the burner and furnace being shown in verticalsection; I

Figure 3 is anenlargeddetailed vertical sectional view showing the modeof demountable attachment of one of the flaring side members of theburner and taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view on the line 44 of Figure 1 to showthe oil pump mechanism;

Figure 5 is an enlarged view in'vertical section on the line 5-5 ofFigure 1;

Figure 6 is an enlarged view in vertical section on the line 6-6 ofFigure 1.

In the selected embodiment of the invention here shown the liquid fuel,such as one of the common distilled fuel oils, is sup lied to the burnernozzle under a relatively light pressure. The nozzle is preferablyupwardly directed and air is jetted upwardly adjacent the nozzle tospray the oil upwardly toward a superposed target. The nozzle, air port,target and associated parts are all positioned within a fire-box andcarried by a single leg supported upon the floor of the ash-pit. Theblower, its motor,

adjacent the furnace. This air supply pipe 11 extends within the lowerpart of the furnace, the usual hinged door having first been removed anda modified form of demountable door having been substituted ashereinafter described. This pipe is positioned so that its endterminates in the firebox 16 short of the vertical axis of the furnaceand is provided with a collar 17 su ported b a le 18 resting upon thebottom of the as -pit oor. An elbow 19 is secured to one end of the airpipe 11 and upwardly terminates so that its axis preferably coincideswith the vertical axis of'the fire-box.

The fuel oil pipe 21 may advantageously extend within the ,air pipe 13.Its nozzle end has an elbow 22 upwardly terminating and carrying a shortpipe section 23 which is held in spaced position b means of set screws24 received in three. ed engagement through the air elbow 19. Three suchset screws are preftrably employed. The nozzle 25 is fitted over theupper end of the pipe section 23 and rests upon the set screws. Theinner annular end rtion of the nozzle is outwardly incline or flared toassist in the spread or raying of the liquid fuel centric nozzle.A'drip-pan 26, preferably 'minates.

by the air force upwardly past the conof cast metal, is supported by theelbow 19. This pan 26 has a central aperture having an annular flange ofthickened metal within which the elbow 19 projects and ter- A peripheralupstanding flange 27 is also provided upon the casting forming the dripan. This flange functions to collect any 'quid which may escape from thenozzle without ignition. This pan hasan overflow aperture to receive'theupper open end of a p1pe section 28 joined to the elbow 29 which in turnis joined to the overflow pipe 31 ewhich is adapted to carry theunconsumed oil to an automatic control device adapted tocut off thesupply to the nozzle as hereafter described.

A tar t 32 is positioned above the nozzle in the je-box of the furnaceand is supported by the drip pan structure. Thetarget, preferably ofrefractory material is circular in form and provided on its under facewith an annular flange presenting a depending lip 33 adapted to beseated upon a correspondingly curved recess'in the upper end of each ofa plurality of posts 34 mounted at their lower ends upon the drip pan26. Preferably three such posts of suitably refractory material areemployed. The lower end of each post is provided with a terminallyreduced portion 35 demountably receivable in"a socket 36 in the flangedportion of the dripipan casting as is indicated in Figure 2. cansoutwardly p, and upwardly flaring beyond the drip-pan are advantageouslyprovided in order to catch liquid oil which may spatter from the tart orbe outwardly s rayed and not ignited. o

uch means is here s own as a plurality of wlngs 37 of sheet metalshapedinto the form shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3. A convenient mode ofdemountably attaching these wings is-indicated in the last named figurewherein there are shown a pair of metal clips 38 having flat portionssecured to the outer face of the wing and presenting depending spacedportions 39 to receive therebetween the upper edge of the drip-panflange 27. These clips are securedto the wing by the rivet 41 which alsoholds the angled strip presenting an upstanding finger-piece 42 wherebythe wings may conveniently be positioned and removed.

convenient means of igniting the sprayed oil is provided by the gas pipe43 connected through a common form of Bunsen mixlng valve 44 with thegas supply pipe 45 connected to any suitable source of gas such as theusual city mains. The end of the pipe 43 is, of course, open andterminates adjacent the bottom of the drip-pan ot light. The

pipe 43 may be held to the air pipe 11%;;

'means of the bolted clips 46.

The usualhinged door leading to the ashpit of the furnace is preferablyremoved and a "novel closure substituted. Such closure consists of aplate 4,7 of sheet metal backed by a sheet of thermall insulatingmaterial 48 such as asbestos. The plate 47 and its backing are of adimension to abut against the walls of the furnace adjacent the ash-pitopening. A rear plate 49, also of sheet metal and of a dimension closelyapproximating Y the door opening is placed against the material 48 andthis three part closure is joined into a unitary structure by the rivets51. As is shown by the full and dotted lines in Figure 6, the closure isformed with an elongated'slot '52 opening from the lower edge of theclosure; Thus, the closure may 'be dropped into position around the ipesafter.

installation of the latter within t e furnace in operative position. Asuitable means of holding the closure in reinforced closing position isprovided b the spider shown in Figure Gwhich is 0 metal cast to rovide aU-shaped central portion 53'hav1ng integral radial arms 54, and a web55. After the closure-is dropped into proper position, the spider isupwardly moved into the position shown so that the .U-shaped portionextends partly around the pi s, the arms abut against the outer plate anthe web substantially closes the slot. The closure and spider arepressed toward the furnace wall and the set screw 56, carried by the sider, is turned to engage the periphery of tiie air pipe and the partsare locked in working position and yet may be readily demounted,removed, and the usual furnace door again mounted upon its hinges.

As heretofore stated this novel apparatus is adapted for use with any ofthe present common types of heating'furnaces and, for purpose 'ofexplanation of this invention,

liighted to have the there has been shown only a portion 'of the I'com'mon type of such furnace. The position of the usual furnace thedotted lines in igure 2. However, upon installing this apparatus, suchgrate is removed so that the usual fire-box and ashpit are made into onechamber:

A standard form of blower, having the housing 58, is shown as mountedupon the base 13. A convenient means of operation of the blower isshownas an ordinary type of electric motor 59 which is preferablydirectly connected to the blower and is mounted upon the same base 13 bymeans of a pedestal 61 and the cable 62, leading from the motor, isadapted to be connected to a ate 57 is shown iniao I pipe section 6'4,is connected to the coupling 12 of the air pipe, and to the blowerhousing. .This pipe section 64 is provided with a valve 65 of the gatetype. As shown in the enlarged detail, Figure5, the usual gateplate 66thereof is provided with an elongated aperture 67 to permit movement ofthe plate 66 about the oil-pipe 21. This valve may be adjustably set topermit the passage of the desired amount of air and may be held insuch-adjusted position by means of a set screw 68.

The mechanism for supplying the fuel oil to the burner and its controlmay next be described. There is preferably employed an oil tank 71 whichmay be sunk in the ground below the floor level as is'suggested inFigure 4. This tank has a sleeve 72 at its upper open end and a man-holecover 73 closes the opening. Preferably the cover 73 has 1km annularupstanding wall 74 a which is closed by a flanged plug 75 in turnprovided with an apertured boss 70 through which extends the pi fixedposition b; means of the set screws 77. The pipe 76 downwardlyextends.to a. point adjacent the lower end of the tank where it 1s connectedtothe housing 78 containin a suitable pump of any of the well-known types.The lower portion of the'pump hous- 1ng'78 is provided with a supportingleg-79 to rest upon the base of the tank and is also provided with anoil intake 81 leading from a common form of screenedoil inlet 82.- Thepump is adapted to force the oil upwardly from the tank through theupright pipe 76 to the T-eoupling 83 where the oil is dehvered throughthe pipe 84.

The pump is actuated. by the drive-shaft 85 vertically extending withinthe pipe 76 and beyond 'the T-coupling 83 and the coupled pipe section86. Bearings for the drlve shaft may be provided ad'acent its lower. endin the pump housing. e upper end of.the -pipe section 86 is received inthreaded engagement within the cored end of the bracket 87. This bracketsupports the relatively small electric motor 88 which drives the shaft85 through a coupling 80, v shaft .90 and a worm 89 fast on the wormshaft 90 and meshing with the worm gear '91 pinne'dto the drive-shaft85. Bearings 92 are provided by the bracket for the upper end (portionof the drive-shaft and are lubricate from the grease-cup 93.

. The fuel oil is not pumped directly to the burner nozzle but is pumpedto an elevated chamber where the oil supplied to the burner;

may be cut 03 automatically u n failure of ignition or upon failure of te air sup- 76. ;The pipe 76 is held in sprayed against the targetbe 0ndthe nozzle b .the surrounding air blast om the blower t rough the airpipe. The sprayed oil spatters down from the tar et and is caught by thedrip-pan 126 and y the auxiliary shields which in turn direct thesprayed oil to the drip-pan. The end of the gas pipe 43 is bent intosuch position that its flame is directed downwardly against the drip-panand spreads outwardly upon the upper surface thereof. As the drlp fromthe target collects in the bottom of the pan, it comes in contact withthis gas flame or pilot light, and the oil is ignited first in the an.As the oil in the pan burns it ignites t e spray and in a short time theoil in the pan is all consumed and the space between thethreetarget-supporting posts or uprights becomes -a mass of flame whichspreads around the edges of the target upwardly and outwardly. Inpractical operation after the i ition phenomena, the lower point of theame is a proximately within one-half inch or so of t e nozzle.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure. by

Letters Patent is:

1. In a liquid fuel heating apparatus, the combination of afuel-spraylng nozzle adapted upwardly to spray liquid fuel, a drip-pansurrounding said nozzle, a target adapted to be supported above saidspray nozzle whereby the fuel may be s rayed upwardly thereagainst, ademountab e auxiliary dri -collecting means extendingupwardly anoutwardly beyond the periphery of the drip-pan, and means demounta 1y tosecure said auxlliary means to the drip-pan.

2. In a liquid fuel heating apparatus, the combination of a vfuel-spraying nozzle adapted upwardl' to spray liquid fuel, a drip-pansurroun ing said nozzle, a plurality of supports demountably carried inspaced relation by thedrip-pan and upwardly projecting therefrom,atarget supported on the upper end of said supports and extending overthe nozzle, and auxlliary drip-collecting members demountably carried bythe drippan between pairs of said supports.

3. In a liquid fuel burning mechanism, a vertical spraying nozzle, arefractory target, a drip-pan, detachable flares on said an said flaresarranged to direct unigmted fuelinto said drip-pan.

In witness whereof,"I have hereunto set "by hand this second day ofAugust 1922.

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